Metal World: 2013

Sunday, 2 June 2013

illusion and reality in the treatment of cancer gold and Genes

Treatments are modern and new began to appear in the recent period offer hope to cancer patients including those introduced already, such as gene therapy and laser therapy and radiation therapy, three-dimensional, including what is in the role of experimentation and expected to work a revolution in cancer treatment, such as treatment with gold as well as other drugs are still subject to laboratory-based on natural materials and if successful will achieve great success because it will not have serious side effects such as yeast therapy and toxic substances derived from poisonous fish and other treatments .. The question is: When the Egyptian patient benefit from these treatments..?

D. Hicham El Ghazali Professor of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, who was chosen recently by the European Society of Oncology best doctor global within 30 doctors others from different countries of the world and the only representative from Africa and the Middle East, which was chosen based on scientific research made by the meeting Assembly in Switzerland last month, says: scientists in a race against time to find a cure eliminates cancer as the number of cancer patients who have increased 10 million patients in the year 2000 is expected to reach increase to 50% by the year 2025, scientists predict the emergence of drugs and treatments eliminate cancer in a year or two at most.

In the recent period appeared treatments modern led to high cure rate of tumors high rates reached in some types of tumors to 99% of which has already been applied such as gene therapy and radiation therapy, three-dimensional laser treatment and some are still in the phase of experimentation on animals such as treatment with gold, which was discovered by the world Dr. Mustafa Al Sayed, which is expected when it appears in the market that is revolutionizing the treatment of cancer, and some are still in the stage of laboratory experiments, such as treatment with yeast and treatment with drugs taken from fish which used natural materials aimed at the elimination of cancerous tumors Valsrtan a normal cells in the human body is divided wildly due to a malfunction in the control system division within cells has led to the emergence of a mass of cells called a tumor and then begin this block by clicking the lymph and blood vessels, which leads to the spread .. And the philosophy of cancer treatment based on the effect on these cells without other normal cells and its impact at the same time on the gene content of the cell.

Gene Therapy

The targeted therapy or gene therapy - continue d. Ghazali - the latest methods of treating cancer which affects the cancer cells alone and therefore can not grow and die completely in place and this is done using a combination therapy of new drugs ... Some of these drugs when directed to the cancer cells are cut off food supplies to cancer cells and therefore can not grow and die completely. And some of them will affect the signal route from the cell surface to the bar gene it without other cells, which leads to the destruction and preserve the rest of the healthy cells, and the other drugs affect the receptors that are found on the surface of the tumor cell and make it a shape distinct from the other becomes the target of these drugs.

Trojan horse

These drugs - by d. Ghazali - treatment is started out in Egypt in several centers and the problem is now in high prices, where are expensive but will drop their prices gradually spread use, and for the rest of the other treatments are attempts are not up to the level of scientific truth and there are other treatments to help assist in the elimination of the tumor without affecting also on the surrounding cells, such as radiotherapy three-dimensional radiotherapy variable intensity and radiotherapy for near three-dimensional characteristic and the impact on the cancer cells without affecting normal cells surrounding which are also available in Egypt and radiotherapy known influential, but the new treatment is characterized by reducing the side effects on the surrounding cells and the ability access to the tumor doses greater than lead to increased ability to eliminate the tumor completely and used in tumors of the prostate has helped to keep the members without eliminated surgically as was the case in the past, thus protecting the prostate, tongue, throat, breast and bladder tumors in parties and so-called treatment Reserve which leads to maintaining the User without eradicated and also keeping the form of the member and the function of an organ from after the great successes in the fight against cancer, scientists and research confirms and hopes to accept the world to completely eliminate the cancer within the next few years inventing and discovering drugs and new drugs have a greater capacity to eliminate the disease completely, and These drugs are what was announced at a conference malignant tumors in the city of Milan, Italy, where he doctors in the production of a new generation of drug chemotherapy for cancer treatment allows the use of doses intensive thereof without any symptoms negative side named it a Trojan horse because it hides under chemotherapy old and targeting malignant cells and announced scientists that he had succeeded in the treatment of many cancers.

The d. Imad Hamada Professor of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, added: Treatment router or drugs targeted are drugs modern is tailored specifically according to the gene's genetic patient and the stage of the disease and these drugs are taken either by mouth or intravenously and heading to the cancer cell directly and you close the cell receptor and prevent the arrival of signals from the cell and directed to the cell nucleus and that ordering it to spread and multiply, inflation and these drugs is antibiotics very special and modern medicine are installed and designed based on the results of laboratory pathology of the cell sick example of treating kidney tumors scattered as it was done through what is known as Balantrtheron or interleukin but rates response to these drugs were substandard and healing rates with the presence of a few severe side effects, making the scientists are turning to what is known as biological medicine and the discovery of cancer cell disease-causing genes.

This is the way the latest methods of treatment of tumors in the world or what is known as treatment-oriented and is used with or without chemotherapy and radiation depends on the analysis of biological cell tumor to grow and spread, as is one of the latest methods of treatment to attack the process of increasing the blood vessels that feed the tumor cell and reduce the spread of the rest of the body, lead to a reduction in tumor size and increase cure rates by 25% increase over conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Dr. advised. Imad not to fear in terms of cancer treatment became available also become regular annual disclosure also available through the workplace or the family doctor and became detect cancer-causing genes is also available in the laboratory and Kasr El Aini Center is for the treatment of tumors, which was established by Dr.. Mahmoud Mahfouz its latest treatment techniques and is annually treating A case of radiotherapy on the latest technology and there are also minors Aini Unit of Nuclear Medicine are providing diagnostic services and treatment at economical prices for tumors of different unit for the treatment of tumors of children on the latest technology as well as the clinic daily hospital Abuaris Japanese and most cases are treatable free, as well as the treatment of cases at the state's expense and health insurance. The center is also in tumors Kasr El Aini gene therapy for tumors and tumors of the breast, lung, lymph nodes and found it slow-growing species and another aggressive type and the third type is very dangerous and the most prevalent species in Egypt fast-growing aggressive .. The symptoms of the disease inflation and swelling in the lymph nodes and often appear in the neck and the collar and underarms as well as lots of sweating during the night accompanied by a rise in temperature and weight loss significantly and must be at the onset of symptoms sampling of lymph nodes to see the type and untreated treatment router or gene where It is in the knowledge that the type of tumor in the early stages leading to stop the spread of the tumor, which leads to high cure rate and also achieves high results in cases of breast tumors not responding to hormone therapy.

Gold injection

D. On شبلة professor of physics at the National Center for Research and head of the research team to treat cancer gold says: is a cancer of the most common diseases worldwide and is known for his difficult to treat, so goes the flag in a race to find a suitable treatment saved mankind from the danger of this deadly disease In a glimmer of hope for a new reach her Dr. Mustafa Al Sayed, an Egyptian who now chairs the Julius Brown, the American world of physics at the Georgia Institute of Technology - using nanoscale gold particles and this method relies on nano Minutes injection veins of gold .. Nanotechnology is considered a unit of measurement used in the time and is the thickness of the head hair 50 nano thousand ..

To the carcinogenic of the cell and then highlight the gold Vttold heat burn this section without the intervention of toxins into the body and is by cracking gold into small parts so be able to recognize the cancer cells only and rid the body of them without harming healthy cells with a success rate of 100% without any risk to the body, which is a great achievement in the treatment of cancerous tumors has earned Dr. Mustafa Al Sayed on top and Sam dollars in Science on this new treatment has already been tested on laboratory animals and phased out the cancer in America and is now being tested in three hospitals in America So the world waiting for trials.

Promising results

The d. Ne'mat Ahmed Zakaria Yassin Professor and Chairman, Department Alvarma Kolojy (Pharmacology) at the National Center for Research talking about this new treatment, saying: gold was used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and the new, which used d. Mostafa El-Sayed in the treatment of cancer, where it is divided gold particles of nanometer in particular was the work experience of principle within the body to expose the gold lasers strongly certain and found that the size of the tumor began to fade and supposed that gold will cure all types of cancers, but which has been so far is the treatment of skin cancer and breast cancer trials at the National Center for Research are now to learn the safety of the dose used and the impact on the members of the body have already been tested on laboratory animals (mice big white) called rats on males and females under the skin for a period of 6 months in three different doses have already been identified dose is safe and the way in which will be used and currently is infected mice with skin cancer, breast to know the dose is also effective and safe at the same time and is supposed to end these tests within 6 months after the doctors specialists determine the appropriate dosage of the laser and then tested on patients volunteer for approval for trading in the market.

She adds: preliminary results of a promising practice, where he was already a dose safe is the most important step of it for any drug is to choose a detoxified as some drugs once they are on the market are withdrawn for lack of safety and can not leave the effectiveness of any medication only after reassuring over its safety and integrity of the members of the different body and make sure there are no serious side effects by laboratory methods and analysis.

Love Killer

In a new glimmer of hope for cancer patients managed Egyptian world of innovation Physical Therapy for cancer using yeast non-pathogenic Displayed in a conference entitled (cell death mechanism) held recently in the United States, where d noted. Mamdouh Ghoneim, an Egyptian professor of immunology at the University of Charles Drew School of Medicine and Science in his experiments laboratory when exposed cancer cells to amounts of yeast cells are devouring yeast - and then die and noted that the cells are attracted to the yeast in a process called Love Killer, where he conducted his experiments aid in test tubes during which expose cell cancers of the breast, tongue, colon and skin yeast In other experiments, yeast injection into cancerous tumors in mice with lung cancer at a late stage and found that yeast wiped out the largest amount of these cells in the lung.

The d. Mamdouh Ghoneim, a researcher at Charles Drew University, majoring in monitoring natural treatments for cancer, an expert in immune diseases and in the treatment of cancer and there are three inventions registered in his name in cancer treatment methods.

D. Hosni Shaker Professor of Urology at Ain Shams University and a fellow of the Universities McGill and Toronto, Canada, and a member of American Societies, European and control urinary International is resection of the prostate laser Alsiralaz 300 latest treatment for tumors of the prostate and is used in patients who suffer from diseases of blood thinners, heart and liver, as it does not cause any bleeding and is considered a cure very safe where close all vessels not accompanied by any absorption of liquids Unlike surgical treatment of traditional either conquest or laser, which is characterized by serious complications, especially as these processes take place in the Age big a bleeding and swelling in the brain and cirrhosis of the bladder neck in addition to that the patient can make the process of eradication Prostate and out on the same day .. And laser Alsiralaz 300 is a new type of optical mechanisms and is used in Germany, Turkey and North America and is the only Egypt in the Middle East, which introduced a device or method of treatment «laser Alsiralaz».

Toxic fish

The Egyptian new drug for the treatment of cancer has been deduced from the toxic fish reached by a team of researchers at the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries in Egypt.

D say. Mamdouh Fahmy director of the Institute, the idea of the new drug came after scientific experiments conducted on toxic fish, where scientists discovered that the Egyptians toxic substance in these fish has a great ability to fight cancer diseases and prevent their spread in the body .. The fish is a fish ticks known as the rabbit fish, scorpion fish and rock fish and trials are still ongoing, but we lack modern equipment has been addressing foreign entities to extend the Institute

Gold In Electronics

Gold is used in electronics Valouselat the precision of gold to be so we can find gold electrical devices, very few amounts of, but imagine if we collected large amounts of electrical appliances and we were able to bring out the gold from these devices will be many weights. Metal recycling plants such as copper, aluminum, iron and tin are buying Used minerals and melt these metals in a new process called re-manufacturing and then sell these metals in the form of new raw materials for use in industry. Among the metals that are re-manufactured gold in the electrical appliances, where they collect molds electronic inside the devices and then they dissolve and operations very simple for separation of each chemical can be performed such work, when separate gold from iron and copper are compiled and poured inside special molds in the form of ingots of pure gold yellow gold. Do not rush in order to get a kilo of gold we collected more than 1,000 PC or Panel PC issue is not easy, but if he decides one that does this kind of work for him to collect a large amount of electrical appliances for that in addition to gold may have to sell copper and iron. The phenomenon of recycling metals is an old phenomenon, but after the surge in metal prices has become a business profitable, especially in poor areas, collecting everything metal unusable and sold by weight and then passed from dealer to last even to the factory prepared for recycling metals, there metals are melting even turn into a liquid and then the liquid is poured into special molds, sheet metal and the result can be used for industrial purposes

Modern uses of Gold

When thinking man in possession of gold, The first Maevkrfait and comes to mind is the jewelry, but the precious metal is used in areas other than the jewelry industry - including space vehicles, medicine, etc.

Gold is one of the most sought after metals on the planet. Gold was obtained in the form of grains of rock and placer deposits. Yellow gold color glossy Zahi which increases the beauty of this metal. Everyone knows that it uses a large part of the gold in the jewelry industry, but besides the jewelry industry there are other uses for gold.

1 - Use of Gold

Rights gold has been used for several centuries. Gold mining statistics indicate that he was extracted nearly 161000 tons of gold by humans until now usually only used on jewelry and gold today as a vital component in various other fields, including electronics and space

Currency and Jewelry Industry

It has been used in the manufacture of gold ornaments and Currency Exchange since about 6000 years ago. It uses about 50% of the total gold mined today in the manufacture of jewelry. Gold range of different properties, and those properties luster and ability to resist oxidation in air and water, and make it a popular choice when it comes to making ornaments made gold bullion from the mixing pure gold to copper and silver , and Yadi mixing gold with those metals to solid gold, which benefited from while making gold jewelry. However, this alloy of gold, produced by mixing it with some other metals, and it has a low value compared with its pure form. Being portable and durable, gold has been used in financial transactions long ago. Tradition continues even today, where they are kept gold bullion or gold bullion and currency backup by various organizations that deal in the field of finance.

2 - Electronics

This may seem surprising, but gold is also used in various electronic devices, ranging from calculators and computers. Even mobile phones and television sets that you use in everyday life, Those devices contain a small percentage of the precious metal. Gold is an effective conductor of electricity, and more importantly, it does not corrode like other metals used in electrical appliances. It is used in connectors and joints and connect the wires, etc.

Due to its property of being a good conductor, and gold is used in computers as well. In the computer system, and different parts are made of this metal working to facilitate the accurate transmission of digital evidence dramatically

3 - Gold Asnhaddm in the pharmaceutical industry and medicine

In medicine, gold is used in the diagnosis, as well as the treatment of some cases. In the treatment of cancer, radioactive particles from transplant

Gold in tissues serve as sources of radiation. Gold is also used in the diagnosis of irradiated some cases. In a disease characterized by the inability of people to close his eyes, is planted a small amount of gold in its upper eyelid to close his eyes. Be chemically inert and non-allergenic in nature, used gold bullion, fillings, crowns and orthodontic appliances in the field of dentistry

3 - Aviation Industry

Being rely on gold mainly in the aviation industry, gold has several uses in the field of space technology. Among those employed gold plated is used in the manufacture of spacecraft helps to reverse the infrared, and helps stabilize the temperature inside the vehicle, it is used in Aldoaúralkahrbih and due to the fact that gold is a good conductor of electricity, and gold is used to lubricate the various mechanical parts and organic lubricants are hardly of any use in the vacuum of space, where radiation is much more than on the face of the earth

Unlike uses of gold, which I mentioned earlier, used Aldahb in Snaahzjaj designer and antiques medals, etc. For all those who thought that it was only used this precious metal for decorative purposes, you should now know better about the different uses

Gold in Satellites

In the year 2000: Use Observatory in Hawaii, astronomers giant mirrors giant gold-plated observatory ever Telescope , and in order to monitor more accurate images of the planet Neptune and Uranus.

* The gold is used in electronics and through links gold-plated in the computer, telecommunications equipment, household appliances, such as televisions, washing machines, and films of high or heavy-handed circuits Minor, which requires the development of toothpaste went like ink on a ceramic base.

Gold is also used in space and in the coating of aircraft engines, missiles and helps gold as opposed to the heat and also gold-plated sheets used as a shield from radiation in the satellite and space allowances men.

Gold is used in the industries of electrical and electronic particularly in printed circuit conductors and in particular in the sub-links made of silicon coated and Blamkan be used to cover the windows, helping to mitigate and reduce the infrared At the same time let in enough light The wires gold bullion are used in measurement equipment and measurements thermal

Many uses for gold

* Of potassium gold Saened, rollers are used in gold jewelry and lipstick cans and lighters, and the liquid gold is used in decorating ceramics and glass.

Gold is also used in the field of medicine where the gold solution used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, bone infections, as well as in dentistry since the year 3000.

The South Africa and the United States, Canada, Australia, China and the Philippines are the main producing countries in the world and went different ways to get the gold depending on the type of sediment and gold is obtained are very important steps:

1 - get a raw

2 - the separation of gold ore

Gold and Industry

Saturday, 6 April 2013

The ways of gold extract

There are primitive methods to extract gold is the liquidation of small pieces of gold by water and other methods used machine

This Alsourtmthel some ways to extract gold mining and places

Information about gold and how to extract gold from the soil or from stones or impurities

Bright yellow metal in the form of blocks can reflect light either Cefaúha tortillas seems green or blue. The gold section Tkotaiaa a precise - like other metal powders is - فيتميز black while there are other types of gold ranging in color from ruby and purple.

The gold in the transitional group number (11) of the periodic table, and atomic number (79), and atomic weight (196.967), and a weight of qualitative (19.3). Gold melts at a temperature of (1063) degrees Celsius, and boiling in the (2500) C. And gold is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and do in this status only silver and copper.

Gold

Since gold was widespread in many parts of the globe, in addition to the presence of free in nature, but hyperbole price and use money in various corner of the world has become know Acer knowledge of other metals. The natural qualities have made him a metal commonly known Vkther mentioned in books and many miners and workers about it. In the fourth century AH / tenth century, where Islamic civilization reached its peak and decorated palaces caliphs various kinds of gems and minerals brought from different parts of the vast Islamic state, interested in a lot of ways chemists purification of these metals. Peronist stated in his book Aljmaher know gems gold purification methods, which is not much different from the methods used today. Recalled Biruni in gold mining and filtered reads: "Some gold what Atcefy fire either rendered alone or distortion called Baqee him, and good Mukhtar called for cat because it captures the metal sector called Rkaza and concentrate metal if he found pieces, both metal silver or gold, and maybe not devoid of shop, liquidation Fajlsth even characterized Balapreez for salvation, and proves beyond the weight. "

The Peronist explain purifying gold when mixed with the soil or in the large stones, and describes the method used to extract gold, which like dirt and Ahadjrocefa accurate is not much different from what it is now. He says: "Perhaps the gold united stone like casted him Vahtej to accuracy, and mills crushed but that the accuracy Balmchajn most desirable and reported in the recitation even said to have aggravated red, so that if ratified surprised wondrous, and Almchajn are stones stretched on poles passports erected on running water to drive a , Kalhal in Samarkand in sounding cannabis Alkuagd, and if Andq essence gold and, vessels for its stones and all the gold with mercury, then the era of the piece whipped up out of mercury from its pores, fly what remains where it fire is called the gold Zibkie and Mzbaka and gold which reached the end that does not very behind clearance, as happened me بالتشوية a few times, does not affect the stake significant impact hardly related to it, and almost never rigidity out of the Koura, takes in deadlock when cutting bloating, and most likely in gold soft Alospronh ".

And touches Peronist to an ancient way used by the Indians to seize the gold by mercury, and explains this method explanation accurate luck says: "The water bond passing on Ihnd Reed Alguendhar when India River Gold, and some even do not praise hundred this reason and called on the principles of its sources hydrocephalus, then if Taking in the assembly called Kersh any black صفائه, and severity Khaddrth for depth, and if concluded alignment position fetish Shamil spot in Kashmir on SMT hand first named there is water Sindh ... In its sources positions digging where fossils, and the decision of the water is being above and Imlounha of Mercury turns up squint then Aotonha has become gold Zibgaha. This is because the water in its sharp run principle carries sand with gold, the wings of mosquitoes paper and smaller, and passes on the face of mercury the gold Faalq and leaves sand goes. " Then concludes gold from mercury way former Peronist mentioned.

Gold purification newly

Purification are newly separate gold dust, silt and other impurities by strong water currents remove the alluvial sand and minutes, and the remaining minutes of gold in place due to the high density of gold has been used mercury to melt the gold without sand and silt. Then concludes gold from mercury distilling the latter. Gold also draws a presentation at the copper and silver mining. There are chemical ways to extract gold, which draws as a way of cyanide, or melt the silver alloys in concentrated sulfuric acid, and purification are gold with nitric acid first, then electrolysis

The steel Alloys

Ferroalloys plays an important role in the manufacture of all types of steel where these alloys contain key element such as chromium, manganese, silicon, titanium, vanadium, and others in addition to iron. The intervention of these alloys in the steel industry as Tsopkyh elements to improve the mechanical properties of the steel product. As also be used as shorthand for the purification of oxygen steel. These alloys are divided into several types, a high-carbon alloy, medium carbon and low carbon. Using electric arc furnaces in the production of most of the high-carbon ferroalloys The medium carbon and low carbon are produced by inflating high-carbon alloy by oxygen in oxygen converters. And alloys can be produced low or zero-carbon Balachtzal aluminum or silicon inside or outside the oven.

The production is in Egypt alloy high Elviromngenaz carbon in Sinai Manganese Company and ferrosilicon alloy in the Egyptian Company for ferro alloy and other alloys are imported from abroad.

The research team has succeeded IT department steel research and development center in the production of many metals of ferroalloys on an industrial level half such as Elvirotianyum alloys and Elvirokrom (high and low carbon) and Elvirovanadiom nickel and Alveronichael silicon and manganese. I have been using alloy Elvirotianyum in the production of high-strength steel in factories Delta Steel Company civil Metal Industries was also used this alloy in some foundries such as Foundry Company Egyptian Iron and Steel Foundry experimental research and development center metals.

Has also been producing ferrosilicon magnesium alloy semi-industrial level and on an industrial scale, the Egyptian Company for ferro alloy ingot was used successfully producing El-Nasr Castings and Greater Cairo Foundries to produce Ductile and gave similar results for imported alloy

Electrolytic copper purification

You can refine copper - after extraction of raw materials - electrolysis, configuring ELECTROLYTIC cell where copper to be purified is the anode, while the cathode is a pure copper wire, and copper sulfate electrolyte (CuSO4) II, which dissolves in the solution

- At the anode:

There are the following types H2O, SO42-a, pole of copper is pure (containing pole copper is pure impurities different each active him of such metals Zn, Fe and oxidized to cations Zn2 +, Fe2 + remains dissolved in the solution, and some less than active, such as metals, silver, platinum and gold, and that fall from the pole as a result of corrosion in the image of atoms in the bottom of cell analysis) and where that effort shorthand polar copper lower than water and sulfates, this oxidized atoms of copper electrode is pure and turn into cations dissolved in solution

B - at the cathode:

There are the following types H2O, Cu2 +, and where that effort reduction of water at the cathode =-0.41V, while effort reduced copper = + 0.34 V, and the most active metal cations of copper for this reduced copper cations to copper atoms deposited on the cathode

As a result purification electrolytic copper are:

Transmission of copper anode and deposition on the cathode

While turning zinc and iron impurities in the pole cations

The beginning of diamond Discovery

At first diamond was discovered in meteorites by Erofeev and Lachinov in 1888. It was assumed highly exact origin of these diamonds in meteorites. Some scientists believe that diamonds form because of the high pressure deep in the planetary bodies (Orlov, 1977). Another hypothesis suggested that the popular diamond-shaped impact with the ground, that would provide materials to a high pressure (Orlov, 1977). However, the extent of diamonds in extraterrestrial rocks is one minute. Diamond mining on a large scale, we must look at our planet.

Terrestrial volcanic rocks

The occurrence of major geological of diamonds in kimberlites found in the upper sections of the Earth's crust. According to Orlov (1977), "was found on the first urgent bearing kimberlites in Kimberley South Africa and De Beers" (p. 160). Kimberlites Join exist only in the middle of a stable tectonic continents known as shields or platforms. They also occur pipes, dams, and veins, and thresholds consist of alkaline volcanic rocks rich. Researchers believe that can be attributed to such intrusions of magma alkalitic of upper mantle paid in systems is a big mistake to the upper areas of the earth's crust (Orlov, 1977).

Studies have shown that kimberlite pipes (Figure 2) occurs more easily near the marginal areas of the earth's crust with bows. This shows the deep divide systems with intense pressure from the previous upwelling of magma. And usually suppress kimberlite pipes form known to contain high levels of xenoliths of sedimentary rocks. This causes popular during the invasion of the upper part of the deep when he sits platform happens rocks along the way of the rising magma. Times dominant volcanoes diamond-bearing kimberlite signed during the Precambrian and early Paleozoic (Orlov, 1977).

Economic feasibility of phosphate

(Initial signs of a feasibility study

The key factor for the success of the investment in this project is the possibility of crude phosphate concentration in physical ways compensate for the costs of a few costly methods that require multiple systems engineering with high costs, as well as highlight the following points: -

· There is a need to increase the production of phosphate fertilizers in Iraq to meet the local need.

· There is a need inside and outside Iraq for phosphoric acid.

· The existence of large markets of phosphate fertilizers and phosphoric acid in Asian countries with enormous populations like China, India, Pakistan, and Iraq closer to these countries from the rest of the phosphate-producing countries such as Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan.

· Provide basic infrastructure in the vicinity of the proposed site and are summarized as follows:

- Plan for the railway linking post and then Baghdad.

- Paved Road for cars and tankers linking the region woodwork and humid.

- Power lines for high pressure (noting that in the current circumstances can not rely on the national network of electric power for the inadequacy and continuity are advised to erect power generators for the project).

- Fresh water tube.

- Residential and health services in the site.

- Availability of human labor in the region

Thursday, 21 March 2013

The phosphate Extracting

Phosphatic sediment dating site right to Akashat configuration (era Vertical section consists of these deposits of rock facies following (from bottom to top) (Figure 3): -

· Clay brown to black in color (1 meter).

· Stone clay Jerry Mtdelmt Supreme perforated surface (2 meters).

· Phosphate Dmgay Sri contain an abundance of coarse grained bones of a dark gray color of 0.3-0.7 meters.

· Limestone clamshell containing phosphate fossils (0.5-2 meters).

· Phosphate Dmgay, good screening, fine grained, gray in color, medium hardness contains solid Adissat in the middle and crisp or incoherently at the top, representing the major industrial class (9-15 m, average 11 m).

· Limestone clamshell cave gelling hostile Supreme phosphate (4.10 meters).

· Coarse grained phosphate Dolomiti (1 meter).

· Stone clay Jerry Mtdelmt contains a flint (10-20 meters).

· Clay Vosvaata, gray (1 meter).

· Limestone contains the bones of phosphate phosphate (2-3 meters).

Above this relay calcareous rocks anti-gelling with very good specifications as the raw material for the manufacture of cement and other industries (0-45 m average 19 m) and return these rocks to composition Alrtkh (Eocene age). Depth of the groundwater in the area more than 200 meters and impressive compositional activity appears cracks main trend East - West cut phosphate sludge and divide it into several segments generally fall towards the north-east. The general trend for miles classes is toward the north by 4-5 m / km.

Mineral composition and chemical phosphate

Metal phosphate only is Frenkolayt (Alabtaat Filordi Alcarboneta) located granules (Dmalq, Sriat, bones, ...... etc.) The material consists of coarse calcite Association to average shape. The overall rate for presence Frenkolayt in industrial phosphate layer is about 60% and the remaining phosphate is the most important components calcite

Extracting silver atoms of Radiology

Extracting silver atoms of Radiology and paper accidents, fractures

Paper X user hospitals which depicts bones so extracted metal silver need large amount of paper, for example one ton or more or less ČÓ if you want to sell and earn the largest amount of paper is that benefit estimates obtained from any hospital because paper after use remains stacked stores hospitals large quantities of it and appreciates it gets cheap very seven riyals per tonne, for example more or less almost because they after store five years throwing him important after you get the paper you prepare some materials which soda twentieth kilo soda straw five kilometers Butasam tablets half a kilo or means to brown-making Saudi Arabia almost one kilo and be sure to take the means of acidification user from the hospital with paper rays understanding often throwing him is subject to large amount of silver atoms and can get all these materials from the market dark place after I brought these materials brought four grams large plastic and dictate water to only one-third and distributed materials all AMD part equal and watch well this material is very dangerous should take precaution with it and use the means of safety with you throwing paper rays sheet paper and used sticks to dip paper until DRAM filled paper ČÓ exceed the water and leave it for example from morning to evening, or vice versa depending on the circumstances your business Then you eject the paper from the DRAM and make sure that the liquid black like ink remains Baldramat thrown only paper you'll find mostly for the color became white transparent after get all the paper let DRAM for eight hours and distributed kilo semi all grams similarities found when Attarine and then you pull the water gently until you find hypertext black grouped down DRAM Assemble this dark matter alone Let required and repeat this process every grams and repeated even get rid of each paper and collect sediment alone Bstal day when you're dipping each paper Take deposition black and placed in any significant and fondness underneath the fire to dry the substantia nigra and become Soiland multiply even become all the dust and then Take this dirt to oven Haddad Bay industrial zone put it article by name Alsoagh found at stores accessories silver and gold amount three hundred grams and acetic mourning fond fire on them after forty minutes will turn dirt into liquid red like the volcano poured template and wait to cool down and beaten until it has passed impurities and you'll find silver, a metal finest silver at all and lineage purity 99.9 then sell silver at the market price

Everything about the coal

the coal in a chemical reaction when the temperature is relatively low, it would be black blocks known coal properties depend on the material record and the circumstances of its formation, and contain different types of coal quantities of impurities that affect the properties .. Indeed, it is difficult to ascertain whether these impurities are mixed carbon or some of them associated closely chemically It is well known that the process of roasted any substance in stages, whether it is this interaction with industrial methods or in nature, wood in isolation from the air, for example like largely decomposition of organic materials and burn it underground after a long period of time, it is difficult to study in both cases steps or mechanical interactions that occur ... Usually defined those articles charred carbon ", and some economic importance .. The types of coal:" * "coal" * "coal is sedimentary rock for color, black or brown, composed of remnants of plants and mineral substances, combustible and giving thermal energy., Coal Stone more fossil fuels widespread in the earth's crust. and resides coal in layers with other types of sedimentary rocks, stone and sand stone mud. and resides in the coal residue leaves plants and wood and even roots. containing coal on: almost 90% of carbon. . -: be coal: - a. fall of large quantities of plants, and accumulation at the bottom of the swamp, and buried quickly with sediment other sand and mud. and by bacteria Anaerobic decompose organic compounds plant in part, any of increased concentration of the element carbon and lose them oxygen and hydrogen. These are called plant material analyst partly بالخث "peat" b. buried peat under the cover of sediments to a depth stop him antimicrobial activity. and the temperature rises and increases the pressure the greater the depth of burial, helping to save the peat and the expulsion of gases from him. and lead chemical reactions to increase the proportion of carbon, and this process is called Baltvhm, including producing coal brown "," c. process continues smut increasing depth of burial consists coal steel. d. Eventually, high temperature and pressure to a large degree out most of the hydrogen and oxygen and nitrogen from coal former, It consists coal Alantra_i. "anthracite" -: coal mining: - very hard to extract coal bed dislodging what topped rocks and sandy mud, where it dug a tunnel from the surface of the mountain using drilling machines own, so access to the coal bed Vteixr and packed in trucks and transported out of the tunnel. -: preparing coal for use: - If, the coal is composed of organic materials are burning, and metal materials can not be burned. constitute metallic materials 10% -35% of the mass of coal. If he uses coal directly in the burn may cause these metal components some environmental problems. yours preferred purification of coal from its components metal before burning. and are refining a number of ways the most important way Chapter mechanical - gravitational - for metals. ranging mineral density that exist in coal from 2 g / cc to 5 g / cc. while ranging density coal pure than 1.3 g / cc to 1.7 g / cc. and used to separate these components water dissolved when some salts, or a solution commentator, which contains particles are very accurate, and density as high as metal Almagnat. and commonly used special equipment to complete the separation process. these devices contain cylinders revolving around itself. After obtaining coal pure dried and used in burning or in the production of coke, which is used in the manufacture of iron and steel. -: uses coal: - used coal in several areas including: the power station, and an old was used in the conduct of trains and ships steam. and because of the difficulty the use of coal for the purposes of everyday life take place some attempts and experiments to convert it to liquid fuel or gas user-friendly. On the other hand, can take advantage of coal convert it to useful materials and precious, has entered this organic material in the manufacture of textiles and plastics, pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, perfumes .. "*" wood charcoal (charcoal) "*" attend heating wood in isolation from the air and in curves of iron produces distillation Unlike for wood charcoal some important products acetic acetone and alcohol methyl ... wood charcoal material black porous ignite easily and glow for a certain period or fails burned only about 1% of the ash, which is free of sulfur. The presence of plant tissue in charcoal and stone indicates that they of vegetable origin. charcoal man-made heating wood, and black color caused by the presence element carbon, but the fact that charcoal lighter than wood because the wood loses the amount of water when converted into charcoal and increases pores in it., water in the wood is also responsible for the thick smoke when burned. The fact that coal is heavier than charcoal attributable to metal components that are found in coal does not exist in charcoal. -: how to make charcoal: - combines wood in piles and covered with dust and heat about ten days. are heating burn fraction of wood due to the entry a small amount of air. provides this part burning the rest of the wood heat for heated and converted into charcoal. To convert wood into charcoal needed to get rid of oxygen and hydrogen present in vehicles Wood Member (cellulose). This is done by chemical reaction so that tends oxygen and hydrogen of cellulose transformed into an organic compound New contains less oxygen and hydrogen, increasing the proportion of carbon in it. -: Uses: - use charcoal in direct combustion for energy. usually limited to use some domestic purposes or cooking or barbecue. The country where there is a surplus of wood forests, can be converted into charcoal and then used in some large projects كتوليد electricity. As the time combustion amount of charcoal longer than the time of combustion similar amount of wood, plant heating value greater than wood. therefore uses in the preparation and purification of some metals that require carbon pure somewhat, is used for example in the purification copper, also used in purifying the spirit of some oils, and medical purposes other ... and charcoal ability to absorb certain gases and therefore used in the work of convictions protective of toxic gases .. also recommends some collect peel nuts and it send it to a special center is converted to charcoal Excellent .. also uses charcoal factories sugar refining as absorbs color brown dirty raw sugar, as it uses a buffer between refrigerators to keep it0s cold because cheap price and poor plugged heat ... "*" bone coal (coal animal) "*" attend heating bones, after the disposal of fatty substances in private معوجات .. -: Hardware: - contains 90% of the impurities left behind ash after fires .. - : Uses: -

The advantage of this coal for its ability to remove the colors of the solutions, especially in the sugar industry, and is also used in the work of black paint your leather products .. and supports the use of charcoal and charcoal bones in the absorption of gases or dissolved substances on their superior in adsorption of these materials on the surface coal, called coal in this case the name of "activated charcoal" and activity depends largely on the nature of the material, which concluded including coal, as well as the circumstances in which smut can be increased activism coal processing private in vacuum in the presence of some inorganic salts .. differ adsorption capacity of coal to different article the adsorbent that difficult not adsorb easily .. adsorption may result in a material increase in the chemical activity that uses charcoal as a catalyst in some chemical reactions ... "*" the soot "*" consists of soot when decomposition warming for many of gaseous hydrocarbons, and make them come igniting tar or oil bitumen or naphthalene or paraffin oil, in limited space of air-cooled flame resulting in appropriate ways .. as well as when burning camphor produce this type of coal used by competitors in shooting ranges for shading officer goal in their guns and widening it to burning camphor smoke .. -: Uses: - outputs used in large quantities in the preparation of granules paint in black ink printing presses and other ... "*" coke "*" results from the destructive distillation of coal .. components: 90% carbon , 1% hydrogen, 3% oxygen, 5,0 - 1% nitrogen, and fails to burning 5% of the ash ... burning coke Non-Smoker flame ... Uses: used as fuel as well as in the reduction of some metals as oxides in the preparation of iron example of its oxides in blast furnace .. "*" Coal waves "*" is composed as a backward operations charring different materials and when destructive distillation of coal, resulting in decomposition of some gases rising on the necks waves that is where distillation .. and characterized coal waves and plugged Electricity is used in electrical work brackets and poles a lot of electrical cells

Using mercury in Gold Extract

Uses workers in gold mines mercury in extracting gold from ore, because method is cheap and easy and therefore described this process in a way the poor in mineral extraction, a method used in some 70 countries and affect the health of those workers who estimated their numbers in the millions, where confirms specialists that mercury is a highly toxic attack machine central nervous which is particularly harmful to children. The rates of heavy exposure to this material can affect the growth of the mind and the kidneys and digestive system, and may lead to delays in physical growth.

And exposed miners who use traditional craft methods of mercury when mix mercury gold ore with their bare hands, and worse, when burning the mixture to extract gold from him, as they are then inhaled mercury vapor.

Says Julian Kibnberg - researcher interested in the rights of the child in the organization Human Rights Watch, which currently is working hard in order to reach a binding international agreement on mercury under the leadership of the United Nations Program for the Environment. The efforts to reduce the use of mercury in gold extraction methods craft is an important issue, but we have also the availability of a powerful approach to public health in order to protect workers traditional artisan mining methods. It must also not be limited to the treaty to address the issue of mercury as an environmental issue, but as one of the health issues right.

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO) is working to extract minerals from the most dangerous professions in the world. There are about almost a million children work in gold mining in Asia, Latin America and Africa, some of them start working at the age of six, have been documented by Human Rights Watch children's exposure to mercury in Mali and Nigeria. The girl said of the 11-year-old, from Mali, told Human Rights Watch: The crude is heated, so we put it a little mercury. Then rub raw mercury hands. Then, when the mercury are attracted to gold, put it on a metal box and نحرقه. When finished, I sell gold to a dealer. I do this every day. I know that mercury is a serious, but I do not know what the face of danger.

There infants are also exposed to mercury when they bring their children with them to workers extract gold and mixture is burned next to the children. As mercury can be transmitted to children through breast-feeding or the fetus during pregnancy.

Under international law, governments are prohibited from allowing children to work using mercury, and this is one of the worst forms of child labor. The law also demands international governments to improve environmental conditions, by preventing and reducing people's exposure to harmful substances, for example.

There are currently no simple alternatives to the use of mercury in gold mining traditional craft methods, but can greatly reduce the quantities, and can improve the methods to control its harmful effects, according to Human Rights Watch. Must be used by workers to extract gold custom containers that contain mercury vapor.

It should also ban harmful practices such as the use of mercury in residential areas. In its report, said Human Rights Watch that he should the treaty requires governments to adopt national action plans mandatory in order to reduce the use of mercury in the manufacture of gold extraction methods craft, and on governments to prepare a response plan for health care related to labor gatherings, particularly children, including the provision of laboratory tests and treatment for those affected by mercury, including the collection of health data, and training of health care workers, and create awareness among health facilities of the dangers of mercury.

Governments should go out plans with specific time frames in order to prevent the use of children and pregnant women to mercury, workers in small-scale and artisanal miners to extract gold. We must include these plans the issue of awareness, and enforcement of child labor laws, and programs to withdraw children from work artisanal gold mines methods in principle and set specific targets to reduce the use of mercury, a strong time plans 5, 10 and 20 yearsv

The fact Red Mercury

Spread among many among the people and the presence of large quantities of ancient treasures buried beneath the earth and they guarded the jinn has also popularized among them the ability of quacks and charlatans on the use of jinn in the extraction of these treasures. Have been linked to these beliefs as "red mercury" which confirms some its huge harness elves to extract these treasures and steal money from the coffers of the banks, and appeared accordingly so-called "Downloads" which practiced quacks and jugglers to download the stolen money to the customer through the use of gin. .

In this episode stand you on the fact "red mercury" and its relationship to extract treasures, and offer you the experience swindler repents to God was his experiences in this area, and we show you some issues fraud practiced by some to promote Red Mercury, and offer you finally see a legitimate about this It .. Through this episode exciting and full of strange tales about Red Mercury and extract treasures.

The fact Red Mercury

To know the truth, "red mercury" remind you of this incident: he fell into the hands of investigative journalist British "Gwynne Roberts," a report prepared for the attention of "Eugenie" Russian Foreign Minister, who was then at the head of a Russian intelligence, the fact substance red mercury.

The report stated that what was known as the Soviet Union began the production of this article in 1968 in the center of "Dubna" for Nuclear Research, and الكيماويين specialists know this article with this symbol (H925 B206) a density of material (23) grams per cubic centimeter. Have caused such a high degree of density confusion in the minds of Western scholars, as it is the highest density of any known material in the world, including pure metals .. It is known that the density of mercury used in measuring the temperatures of (6.13) grams per cubic centimeter, while the density of pure plutonium slightly less than (20) grams per cubic centimeter. Red mercury is very rare materials and the price could reach millions of dollars.

The story of red mercury associated with ancient and modern fairy demons and treasures. But it is actually much more dangerous than especially as it enters directly in the manufacture of advanced weapons, also used in making atomic activity in its different forms. Some argue researchers in archeology that there are already so-called "red mercury," a metal powder, red with radiation, are still used in operations related to nuclear fission and source manufactured and exported to countries around the world is some former Soviet Union countries, as Some gangs smuggling from inside the nuclear reactors there sold millions of dollars in some countries of the world.

Bottle, which had raised the issue

At the beginning of the forties of the last century was the discovery of a bottle belonging to a senior army commanders in Dynasty 27 "Amun. Fulfilled. Nakht" which was embalmed inside his coffin as a result of not being able to embalm his grandfather outside the cemetery because of the turbulent political events of his time.

Has begun to talk about Red Mercury originally after found archaeological Egyptian Zaki Saad means a brown color tends to flush down mummy "Amon. Fulfilled. Nakht" commander Egyptian armies during the era of the family (27) This remains liquid remains in the bottle bearing ring and logo The Egyptian government, and are located in mummification museum in Luxor. This is the bottle is the main reason for the spread of all the rumors about the so-called Egyptian Red Mercury. This cemetery has found her case did not open since been buried, and when it was open coffin your Bamoumia on "Amon. Fulfilled. Nakht" found beside means doing some materials used in the mummification process which is about (Salt نطرون, and sawdust, and resin Mastics, and fats aromatic, and linen rolls, Trentana).

As a result sealing the coffin on the body and materials mentioned, there have been a process of interaction between materials embalming dry and the body, produced this fluid that the situation in this bottle, and analyzed found that it contains (90.86%) fluids subhuman (water, blood salts, tissue thin) and (7.36%) metal salts (natron salt) and (0.12%) soapy solution (0.01%) amino acids, and (1.65%) embalming materials (resin, gum + protein).

The spread of news discovery this bottle to the occurrence of a lot of swindlers including press reported several years ago on exposure Arab figure prestigious process monument when monument by some selling bottle containing mercury Egyptian Red $ 27 million, has been free minutes of the incident under No. (17 768) administrative department misdemeanor monument, the Arab Republic of Egypt. One of the latest issues of red mercury those ordered by Major General Ahmed Shafi, Assistant Interior Minister for Security Giza transfer on behalf of the defendants for interrogation. The Investigation Giza had arrested a student named Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed and school teacher Osim's Giza governorate named Saber Mr. and possession flask containing mercury Red, claimed they whereby Astdla traces buried underground, and found detectives with them already on the artifacts belong to different eras and valued at seven million pounds in addition to means of red color, they said it helped them find the treasure and said the investigations that a third person used this red mercury in the preparation of the elves, and that this the elves led them to the effects buried beneath the home of one of them.

Confessions swindler repentant

About the relationship of red mercury fairy and extracted treasures .. Says Hamid Adam, a swindler repents to God and turned into an advocate, for this relationship: those reality though Gin asking Red Mercury, of Rights, which is expensive and may reach its price to hundreds of thousands, but millions of dollars, because each of the jinn nourished by it and assisted in prolonging old , and makes it a young man and gives him the power, this red mercury would not have any effect on the elves unless he got from the people. Without it does not affect it, but this request elves of the Antichrist and the sorcerer who deals with him to bring him this red mercury certain quantities strongly and purity arrive to (93.7%) and compared this gives elves human large sums steal from banks and presses the currency in different countries. The human con elves that give this money to use for a certain period does not exceed weeks or days by spending with money from the guard Gin and others Gin. So is "unloading" complex in accordance with agreements between the jinn and human, and Gin Gin.

And Hamid Adam admits that he did this work for the benefit of a person in 1995 and the amount (800) grams, has carried out the operation and brought to his elves money from the category of mercury per dollar. Hamid adds methods sorcery and change things to money and says he was foliage turns to money according to certain spells, some of them for a certain period and the other for a long time. I asked Gin once where to attend these funds, he said: It is one of Canada's Currency Press have. Hamid stresses that this work has nothing to do with religion or the Koran. And admits he learn this magic of Indian Sheikh met in the Nigerian on the Chadian border, a month who claim they know the perfect person or what they claim that dealing with God Almighty and the Prophet directly. It uses these quacks strange names they claim it's really surreal names for fools jinn who deal with them, and even gives these for themselves the aura they claim in the presence of spirits

The Iron extract

After you finish the work detailed geological research on mineral ores begin exploitation process is intended exploitation (mining) group processes that lead to the extraction of raw materials.

The methods of mining ores depends on the geological conditions are therefore mining in two ways:

- Open mining method (surface mining.

- Underground mining method (subsurface mines.

The tipping point for the use of one of two ways (removal rate) and is defined as:

"Percentage of tons of the waste (unwanted rocks) to tons crude"

And thus the more this figure is going to work the mines under the surface and vice versa and thus determine the economic value of the mining method possible and suitability to the circumstances and nature of the crude

Surface mining (open):

Given to a group corridors and open mining installations that are used to exploit

Ores (open pit or quarry), and use the word (sector) instead of the quarry in

Coal mining.

Being cut into horizontal slices raw materials when exploited in a way that the mine open. It takes quarry gradual form as a result of the exploitation of a number of these segments simultaneously.

Each part of these slides in the form of grades called (Balmustbh)

Each bench following elements as shown vertical sector of the mine surface: the upper surface (1), the lower surface (2), the slope of the terrace (3)

Upper eyebrow:

Line is the intersection of the slope of the terrace with the upper surface

Lower eyebrow:

Line is the intersection of the slope of the terrace with the lower surface

Mel slope terrace (α):

The ramp-made corner terrace with the horizontal plane

Regression line mobile (4):

Is the line between the upper and lower brow during exploitation

Angle gradient mobile (1 α):

Is the angle made by the regression line with the horizontal plane moving in the Servant, the lowest side of the side slope angle is workable (α2) and ranging from 15, 30 degrees.

Angle of the slope of the regression line (β):

Is the angle made by the regression line with the horizontal level and slope of the line varies with depth and stability of quarry rocks and ranges from 35: 50.

(C 2):

Is the vertical distance between the upper deck surface and the lower and ranged between 15.10 meters

(C):

Form dealing with the greatest depth of the quarry plans (height limit).

Regression line (5):

Is the line that connects the upper and lower brow of one of its aspects

General Specifications for the open pit method and parts of the quarry:

Operating level: is the surface of the terrace that are placed upon extraction machines

Mowers operations: These are raw materials extraction

Displacement processes: This is a waste rocks deportations

Main Altrnc: is a means of passage like the channel works to connect every level of operation

Levels which topped

Altrnchat unequivocal: is an extension of the main Trnchat and works on the level of processing

Processes operating mowers and no miles.

Aspects: the side surfaces define the quarry and are divided into:

Dipset aspects: it is within which aspects mowers or displacement

Dipset aspects: are the aspects which are not mowers and offset processes and distributes them often spaces allocated for transport operations and other work to ensure the safety and use spaces

Transport for transportation routes and distribution area determined the dimensions of carriers that move and the number of

Roads required. The space allocated to ensure safety are used in block cutting rocks falling from a cliff terrace width not less than 1/3 the vertical distance between the surface terrace.

· Begin work mowers exploiting one side or both sides of main Altrnc and after the completion of the exploitation of one aspect Altrnc being exploited as a conduit.

· Exposed mining consists of the following stages:

Open through to crude and processing operations offset mowers and each process consists of cracking processes, packaging, transportation, stackable.

1 - cracker: and is done by means of drilling and blasting in drilling wells and shipped with explosives and then

Detonated.

2 - Packing: Dredgers and is done by and that mobilization in the case of soft rock without

Use crackers.

Block: is part of the operating interface that exploits Pkrakh and one.

3 - Transportation: There are ways used in transportation such as cars (LORRY) and transportation

On rails and belts.

4 - crumpling: the waste rock is placed in the form of piles in places dedicated to it

And use of cars (LORRY).

3.1.2 - Underground Mining:

There are many methods used in the process of extracting crude using mines underground (underground) and supports the use of these methods mainly on the nature of the raw form of presence but these methods are similar in some basic features, namely the establishment of a well head of the Earth's surface to the site of raw materials which is used Transport and open the way to the level of crude and called (conquerors Parent) and it arises lanes and horizontal dividing crude vertically to floors and built tower higher transport corridor master, and near it held a special building placed the lifters to move the containers lift into the well, along with a well main transport arises wells assistant uses a director reserves to the Earth's surface and helps to provide weather conditions suitable for ventilation and equip this well also usually station help transport, and held station for ventilation on the earth's surface near the well Assistant and vary the distance between the wells the main transport and Assistant to different mode processing field mine and oscillating in the range of large of a few tens of meters to 2, 3 km

Copper Extract

Copper is the third metal in the world in terms of usage, in the ranking after iron and aluminum. And is used mainly in the cyclical economic sectors such as construction and machinery manufacturing. Extracting lucrative of the metal on the low-cost mining techniques and is able to extract large amounts. The supply of copper sensitive to the political situation, especially in the countries in which they are extracting copper by state-owned companies. Uses most of the participants in the copper futures market for high-quality copper branch trading Commodities Exchange (COMEX), to mitigate risks arising from price fluctuations, copper contracts are also used as a means of investment.

Copper metal retractable, and enjoy the ability to deliver a very high heat and electricity. And pure copper metal malleable and malleable, uses thermal and electric conduit, and as a building material, and as part of the components of the mixed metal alloys. It uses copper and alloys mixed enters in the manufacture thousands of years ago. In the Roman era, the main copper mines located in Cyprus, and it is the origin of the name metal Cyprium or metal Cypriot, which was later shortened to Cuprum.

However, the existing reserves may not be sufficient to meet the high rates of copper consumption now. Still some countries, such as Chile and the United States has large reserves of this metal, are extracted from a large open mines. Extracting lucrative of the metal on the low-cost mining techniques and is able to extract large amounts, and the supply of copper is sensitive to the political situation, especially in the countries in which they are extracting copper by state-owned companies. Uses most of the participants in the copper futures market for high-quality copper branch trading Commodities Exchange (COMEX), to mitigate risks arising from price fluctuations, copper contracts are also used as a means of investment.

Factors affecting the copper market.

What affects the price of copper? There are many factors that affect the price of copper, including the seasons of the year, and investor and speculator confidence, inflation and fluctuations in the price of the U.S. dollar and U.S. equities, and political crises and international military, and increase the prices of other commodities or lower.

It is important to realize that the trading of industrial and agricultural goods carries many other factors that can lead to fluctuations in prices. Wars, weather, labor disputes could lead to a delay in the transport and consequently affect the prices on a daily basis

Manganese Extract

Seen manganese ore mainly in the form of secondary manganese oxides of the metal, which were recorded in many areas west of the kingdom, but did not register any occurrences of manganese deposits in sufficient quantities in reserves can be exploited yet. The following will be a brief narrative of the most famous sites of manganese deposits in the Kingdom, which lies mainly in the area of Alkhniqih as well as along the eastern side of the base metal deposits as well as deposits of precious metals. Especially in those hosted carbonate rocks exist in the form of surface coatings on the rocks in some areas of mineralization, but the quantity is very negligible and has no economic importance. Was recorded amounts of manganese in the form of thin layers ranging in thickness from 1 mm to 2 cm in the depths of the Red Sea at the edges of the Atlantis II Deep.

Area Alkhniqih:

Concentrated iron and manganese oxides secondary in that region within the limestone lenses and which belongs to the pre-Cambrian periods, in the form of intertwined with the bodies of copper minerals - zinc sulphide the Alkhniqih area. Been identified metals manganese, which includes Alberozwait, and Almagenati, and Alheitrulat, and Alcalkuffinet, while reside metals manganese initial accompanying parts rich Balsvalerit in the bodies of mineralization but generally mineralized quantities not exceeding 1% or less of oxide manganese (MnO), and recorded the highest value in parts AlmtaxdhAlso extends ranges oxidation only to depths of 30 meters below the surface, or less so Vtkon amount of crude, which is characterized by a degree Sort high manganese few, this has not been extracted manganese commonly used materials of sulfides of copper, zinc during production processes and extraction of these materials as a by and also the objects manganese ores slim to be very mining work independently.

Alrgamh Formation:

The rocks Aldlomat located Bmtkon Alrgamh which exist along the shores of the Red Sea beguile of bearing rocks of manganese, which has been exploring crude which in many locations in North Trowel, which extends between longitudes 25 ° 00 'to 25 ° 32' North. And been replaced partially Aldlomat by manganese oxides. There are two locations of manganese have been selected and namely Mount Aldkhilan and Trowel North and two exploration Rasba lead and zinc. Most of the samples were collected from these two areas contain about 1% of manganese oxide and also the degree of sorting manganese oxide (MnO) where Aldlomat crumbly granules sharp angles, but the quantities of these materials rich Palmngenaz can ignore because I said it. Covering dolomite rocks content Bmtkon the directional more Alrgamh in the north and east of the Gulf of Aqaba between longitudes 28 ° 11 'and 28 ° 31' north, but the proportion of manganese oxide (MnO) in samples collected between 0.7 to 4.8%. Therefore, the low percentage of oxide manganese MnO in Dlomat Alrgamh were not encouraging for exploration but inseparability Activity associated geochemical world-famous between oxides manganese and those types of sedimentary rocks (rocks dolomite) encourage to do more prospective studies to achieve if there reservoirs of raw manganese is not prior disclosure or not.

Alhilla:

Represents the bottom of the limestone algal (rich algae) and above the rocks Precambrian in composed cotton relationship does not compromise interconnected with iron stretch between (41 ° 45'-21 ° 44 ') east, which include thin layers and fill oxides manganese cracks and cracks also filled with Alruddocroset metal. The manganese layers thicker than 3 m. And contains samples that have been collected on the ratios ranging from 2.64 - 22.28% of the oxide manganese (MnO) and concentrated material manganese more in the direction of the north Bmtkon Mount Cotton at the intersection of 41 ° 43 ') east of 21 ° 58' North) and also works hand with Valley Althwairia.

Manganese surface:

Common metals oxides manganese secondary surface in rock Almtsahbh with deposits of metals value, and tends manganese because concentrated in areas Algosanat advanced in those sediments, as well as develop Algosanat present in many of the residues of lead zinc - copper in carbonate rocks in the region, which extends between deposit nest Shuaib at the intersection (9 ° 15 'North 43 ° 40' east (even Mount Alamueriqh ('22 ° 19 North '35 ° 43 East) and recorded the amount of manganese in those areas too small to prepare as promising areas for manganese ore deposits

The usage of Diamond

I was fascinated diamonds and gems humans since they were first discovered the existence of unique properties. For several centuries, has been marketing these properties, diamond and now very expensive and many things symbolize. Diamond refers to wealth and can also be the meaning of being one of the great emotional bonding between people. The diamond jewelry given significant others to be an indicator of the presence of a strong relationship and meaningful in today's standards. Despite its popularity, and few see a long ways and expensive that needs to be done to make the gems final appearance as we have seen in a jewelry store.

The exact chemical composition of the diamond a mystery for many centuries. In 1704, Newton assumed that was made even diamonds from carbon. Has been proven through testing different correct Newton during the late 18th century (Orlov, 1977). Due to the rarity and beauty of gems, has been studying several properties of diamond on a large scale. Perhaps the most prominent property of the stone is adamantine luster breathtaking. This feature relies on the perfection of the crystal surface. Last optical property is their reaction to UV or X-rays. When exposed diamond carries luminescence which can also vary in severity (Orlov, 1977

On the Mohs hardness scale, the diamonds are arranged to 10, making it one of the most difficult materials found in nature (Figure 1). This basically means that any other substance but can scratch diamond. However, it is still very fragile and diamond pave easily from stress to reach in a good hammer. This is caused by defects apparently small in the crystalline structure that weaken the crystal (Orlov, 1977). Density ranging from diamond 3.50 to 3.53 grams per cubic centimeter, and are present in a wide variety of colors ranging from blue, yellow, orange, green, black or even..

The importance of copper

The body has on the amount of copper of not less than 100 mg; help - God willing - in the prevention of anemia known as anemia, also enters in the composition of certain enzymes, and deficiency leads to developmental disorder, anemia and can be obtained from meat, egg yolks, fruits and vegetables.

Industrial uses for copper and its compounds

Uses of copper important industry power cords as consumes about 40% of the copper produced in the world each year in this area, and because of the high specific heat of copper it uses as an intermediary for the transfer of heat in the heating and cooling processes, as it enters the industry types is very versatile of alloys, including the following : ffff

Brass (Brass): It is an alloy of copper and zinc, and brass resistant to atmospheric agents and chemical known and can be poured and polished, also has colors ranging from red to yellow to white in proportion to zinc in it, and is used in electrical wiring and making heaters and boilers.

Bronze (Bronze): It is an alloy of copper and tin, and the advantage of being resistant to chemical substances and severe stiffness.

Bronze alloys: composed by adding lead by 40%, making it flexible, and there are many copper alloy composition varies with functions which are manufactured to be performed

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